Hello,
MBR and GPT is software partition management.
In general, I will explain below, you can find the rest in internet easily.
MBR (Master Boot Record)
Can only support 4 partition.
You can add more partition by adding EBR(Extended Boot Record).
The name of the partition in MBR is represented by the block address, ex = mmcblk0p1,...
Only support 2TB storage.
Mostly use by old Android device.
GPT(Global Unique Identifier Partitions Table)
Support up to 128 partition. So no need extended partition table.
The name of the partition can identified easily, because every partition can have unique name.
Mostly use by present Android Device.
Can handle big size storage, more than 2TB.